Electric power steering (EPS) systems have become a standard feature in modern vehicles, replacing traditional hydraulic systems.
They provide precise steering control, improved fuel efficiency, and reduced maintenance requirements. However, like any automotive component, EPS systems can encounter issues over time. Recognizing the signs of a problem and addressing them promptly is crucial to ensure safe and smooth vehicle operation.
This guide on how to fix electric power steering problems will help you understand common electric power steering problems and provide step-by-step instructions on how to fix them.
Why is my Electric Power Steering Not Working
There are several potential causes for electric power steering problems, including faulty components, low power supply, and damaged wiring. Some of the most common reasons why your electric power steering may not be working include:
Low or Dead Battery:
The EPS system relies on electricity to function properly. If your vehicle’s battery is low or dead, it may cause the EPS system to malfunction.
Malfunctioning EPS Motor:
The electric motor that drives the power steering system may fail due to wear and tear or an electrical issue. This can result in intermittent loss of power assist, making it difficult to steer your vehicle.
Faulty Steering Angle Sensor:
The steering angle sensor detects the position of the steering wheel and sends signals to the EPS control module. If this sensor is faulty, it can cause incorrect steering assistance or even a complete loss of power steering.
Damaged Wiring:
Wires connect various components of the EPS system, and if they become damaged, it can affect the system’s performance. Damaged wiring can result from corrosion, rodent damage, or wear and tear.
Now that you know some of the common causes behind electric power steering problems, let’s discuss how to fix them.
Needed Materials
Before attempting to fix any EPS issues, it’s essential to have the necessary materials on hand. These may include:
Diagnostic Scan Tool:
This tool will help you identify any error codes and pinpoint the specific problem with your EPS system.
Wrench or Socket Set:
You may need to remove and replace certain components of the EPS system, so having a wrench or socket set will be necessary.
Replacement Parts:
Depending on the issue, you may need to replace some parts of your EPS system. It’s crucial to use high-quality replacement parts from reputable brands to ensure proper functioning and longevity.
7 Step-by-step Guidelines on How to Fix Electric Power Steering Problems
Step 1: Check the Battery
Start by inspecting your vehicle’s battery, as a low or dead battery is a common cause of electric power steering problems. Ensure the battery terminals are clean, tight, and free of corrosion. Use a multimeter to measure the battery voltage; a healthy battery should read around 12.6 volts when the engine is off and between 13.7 and 14.7 volts when the engine is running. If the voltage is too low, recharge the battery or replace it if necessary.
Additionally, check the alternator to ensure it is charging the battery properly, as a failing alternator can also lead to EPS issues. Reassess the EPS system after addressing the battery to see if the problem persists.
Step 2: Use a Diagnostic Scan Tool
Connect a diagnostic scan tool to your vehicle’s OBD-II port to identify error codes related to the EPS system. These codes can provide detailed information about the issue, such as faults in the EPS motor, steering angle sensor, or wiring.
Follow the scan tool’s instructions to retrieve the error codes and consult your vehicle’s service manual or an online database to interpret their meanings. Once you pinpoint the issue, take note of any specific components that require further inspection or replacement. Addressing these diagnostic findings one by one will help ensure accurate and efficient troubleshooting of your electric power steering system.
Step 3: Inspect the EPS Motor and Wiring
If the diagnostic scan tool indicates a problem with the EPS motor or wiring, visually inspect these components for any signs of damage or wear. Look for corrosion, loose connections, worn-out wires, or any other visible issues that may be causing the system to malfunction. If you notice any damaged wires or connectors, replace them with high-quality replacements.
For EPS motor issues, it’s best to consult a professional mechanic as repairing or replacing this component can be complex and requires specialized tools and knowledge.
Step 4: Check the Steering Angle Sensor
To check if the steering angle sensor is functioning correctly, turn on your vehicle’s ignition and rotate the steering wheel from lock to lock while observing the EPS system’s behavior. If you notice any changes in the steering assistance or complete loss of power steering, it may indicate a faulty sensor. Use a digital multimeter to test the sensor’s output voltage; consult your vehicle’s service manual for specific values. If the sensor fails this test, replace it with a new one.
The steering angle sensor is typically located near the base of the steering column and may require special tools for replacement. If you are not comfortable attempting this on your own, it’s best to seek professional help.
Step 5: Check the EPS Fuse
Locate the EPS fuse within your vehicle’s fuse box, which is typically found under the hood or beneath the dashboard. Refer to your vehicle’s owner’s manual to identify the exact location of the EPS fuse and verify its amperage rating. Remove the fuse and inspect it for any signs of damage, such as a broken filament or discoloration, which can indicate a blown fuse.
If the fuse appears to be damaged, replace it with a new fuse of the same amperage rating to avoid further electrical issues. After replacing the fuse, test the EPS system by starting your vehicle and checking the steering assistance functionality. If the issue persists, proceed to the next troubleshooting step or consult a professional for further diagnosis.
Step 6: Bleed the System
Although electric power steering systems generally do not require traditional hydraulic fluid, some systems may combine electronic assistance with hydraulic components. If your vehicle’s EPS system uses hydraulic fluid, it’s important to ensure there are no air bubbles trapped in the system, as this can cause issues with steering performance. Start by checking the power steering fluid reservoir for proper fluid levels and top it off if necessary, using the fluid type recommended in your vehicle’s manual.
To bleed the system, turn the ignition to the “on” position without starting the engine. Slowly rotate the steering wheel from lock to lock several times to help any trapped air escape. While doing this, monitor the fluid level and add more if it drops. Be sure to avoid overfilling the reservoir. Once the process is complete, check the steering function and verify that the fluid level remains stable. If problems persist, it may indicate a more serious issue requiring professional attention.
Step 7: Reset the EPS System
Resetting your vehicle’s EPS system can also help resolve minor issues and restore normal steering functionality. To reset the system, turn off your vehicle’s engine and wait for a few minutes before restarting it.
While the engine is running, turn the steering wheel from lock to lock multiple times to recalibrate the system’s sensors and control modules. This process can vary depending on your vehicle’s make and model, so consult your owner’s manual for specific instructions.
Following these steps on how to fix electric power steering problems can help troubleshoot and resolve electric power steering problems, but if issues persist, it’s best to seek professional assistance. A qualified mechanic will have the necessary knowledge and tools to properly diagnose and fix any EPS system issues for optimal driving safety and performance.
Additional Tips for Maintaining Your Electric Power Steering System
- Periodically check and replace the power steering fluid, if applicable.
- Regularly inspect the steering wheel, column, and joints for any signs of wear or damage.
- Keep an eye out for any unusual noises or vibrations while driving, as these may indicate underlying issues with the EPS system.
- Avoid overloading your vehicle, as this can put a strain on the steering components and lead to premature wear.
- Follow your vehicle’s recommended maintenance schedule for tune-ups and inspections to keep your electric power steering system running smoothly.
- If you notice any sudden changes in your EPS system’s performance, such as increased steering effort or loss of assistance, it’s best to address the issue immediately before it escalates into a more serious problem. Regularly monitoring and addressing any potential EPS system issues can help ensure safe driving conditions for you and others on the road.
- In addition to regular maintenance and inspections, it’s important to follow safe driving habits, such as avoiding potholes and bumps in the road, to minimize wear and tear on your vehicle’s steering components.
- If you live in an area with extreme temperatures, it’s important to take extra care of your EPS system by regularly checking for any signs of damage or wear caused by temperature fluctuations.
- Lastly, always consult a professional mechanic if you are unsure about how to troubleshoot or repair any issues with your electric power steering system. Attempting to fix complex problems without the proper knowledge and tools can lead to further damage and safety hazards.
Conclusion
Electric power steering systems offer many benefits, but like any other vehicle component, they can experience issues that require troubleshooting. By following these steps on how to fix electric power steering problems and conducting regular maintenance on your EPS system, you can ensure its efficient performance and extend its lifespan. If, at any point during the troubleshooting process, you feel unsure or uncomfortable, it’s best to seek professional assistance from a trained mechanic to avoid causing further damage.
Remember to always prioritize safety when working on your vehicle and take precautions such as disconnecting the battery before conducting any repairs or replacements involving electrical components. Regularly inspecting and maintaining your electric power steering system will not only save you time and money in the long run but also provide a safe.