If not addressed promptly and correctly, a failing septic system can quickly become a serious problem. Recognizing the early signs of failure is crucial, as it can prevent further damage to the system and safeguard your property and health.
Common indicators of a malfunctioning septic system include slow drains, unpleasant odors, sewage backing up into the house, and soggy spots or lush green patches in the yard. Repairing a failed septic system involves assessing the root cause of the problem, which could range from simple blockages to more severe issues like tank or drain field failures.
This guide on how to fix a failed septic system, aims to walk you through the steps needed to identify, diagnose, and fix a failing septic system, offering both short-term solutions and preventative strategies to ensure long-term functionality and compliance with local regulations.
What Will You Need?
Before you begin, gathering the necessary tools and materials for the job is essential. Depending on the severity of the problem, you may require some or all of the following:
- A shovel or excavator tool
- A septic tank pump-out service
- Septic-safe drain cleaner
- Plumbing snake or hydrojetter
- Absorption field repair kit (for drain field repairs)
- Permeable landscape fabric (for new drain field installation)
Protective gear, such as gloves and goggles, is also recommended to prevent contact with harmful bacteria found in sewage. Additionally, if you’re not confident in your DIY abilities or suspect a more significant issue, it’s best to consult a professional septic system repair service.
10 Easy Steps on How to Fix a Failed Septic System
Step 1: Identify the Cause of Failure
Understanding the root cause of the septic system failure is the first and most crucial step in resolving the issue. Begin by inspecting your home’s plumbing for backups, checking for unusual odors in and around the house, and observing slow drainage from sinks, toilets, and bathtubs. Examine the yard for wet spots or areas of lush vegetation, which may indicate a leak in the drain field.
These symptoms can provide critical clues about whether the problem lies within the plumbing, the septic tank, or the drain field. It may also be helpful to consult the system’s maintenance records to see if there is a history of recurring issues or if regular maintenance has been neglected. For a more thorough diagnosis, you might consider hiring a professional to perform a comprehensive inspection using specialized equipment, such as cameras and diagnostic tools, to detect blockages, leaks, or other defects that might not be visible to the naked eye.
Identifying the exact cause of the septic failure will guide you in taking the appropriate corrective actions and deciding whether a DIY approach is feasible or if you require the expertise of a certified septic system specialist.
Step 2: Pump Out the Septic Tank
Once you have identified the potential causes of the failure, the next step is to have the septic tank pumped out. This process involves removing the accumulated solid waste and scum layer, which can sometimes cause blockages and backups. Hiring a licensed septic tank pump-out service is vital to ensure that the waste is disposed of correctly and complies with local environmental regulations.
Pumping out the tank not only helps alleviate immediate problems but also allows for a more straightforward inspection of the tank’s interior, helping to identify structural issues such as cracks or damage. Regular pumping is a crucial maintenance practice that can prevent future failures by keeping the system running smoothly.
Step 3: Inspect the Components of the System
After pumping out the septic tank, it’s critical to inspect all septic system components carefully. Begin with the tank, checking for any visible cracks or damage that might compromise its integrity. Examine the inlet and outlet pipes to ensure they are clear of obstructions and do not suffer from any wear or leaks. Next, focus on the baffle, which helps prevent solids from entering the drain field; ensure it’s intact and functioning correctly.
Another aspect to check is the drain field. Look for signs of saturation, such as standing water or overly lush vegetation, which could indicate blockages or failed components in the drain field piping. If your inspection reveals any issues, consider whether you can address them yourself or if a professional repair service is needed for more complex repairs.
Step 4: Clear Blockages in the Pipes
If clogs or blockages are identified during the inspection, use a plumbing snake or hydrometer to clear them from the pipes. Begin by inserting the snake into the affected drains, slowly advancing it until resistance is felt, then rotating the handle to break through the obstruction. A hydrometer may be necessary for more stubborn clogs, which use high-pressure water to dislodge debris within the pipes. Ensure to exercise caution during this process to avoid damaging the piping.
Step 5: Repair or Replace Damaged Components
Any damaged components observed during inspection should be promptly repaired or replaced. This might include fixing cracks in the septic tank, replacing malfunctioning baffles, or repairing drain field piping. Suppose the issue is beyond standard repairs, such as extensive drain field damage. In that case, it may be necessary to install a new absorption area using an absorption field repair kit and porous landscape fabric. Proper repair or replacement ensures the system operates efficiently and prevents further failures.
Step 6: Recondition the Drain Field
After repairs, reconditioning the drain field can restore its absorptive capacity. This may involve aerating the soil to improve drainage, removing overgrown vegetation that might impede function, and ensuring the surrounding area remains permeable. Consider installing an additional absorption trench in cases where the drain field is severely compacted, ensuring compliance with local codes. This step helps ensure the longevity of the drain field and the efficiency of the entire septic system.
Step 7: Add Bacterial Additives
Introducing bacterial additives to your septic system can be an effective way to enhance its biological function. These additives contain beneficial bacteria that help efficiently break down organic waste and solid materials within the septic tank. Over time, household chemicals and detergents can reduce the population of these natural bacteria, impairing the tank’s ability to process waste effectively.
Replenishing these bacteria can improve the decomposition process, prevent sludge buildup, and reduce the risk of clogs or overflows. Following the manufacturer’s instructions to apply bacterial additives, usually by flushing them down a toilet or pouring them directly into the system.
Using only those additives approved for septic systems is essential, as some products could damage the tank or upset its balance. Although bacterial additives are not a substitute for regular maintenance, they can significantly boost the performance and longevity of your septic system when used as part of a routine care plan.
Step 8: Schedule Regular Maintenance
To ensure your septic system’s long-term functionality and reliability, it’s crucial to schedule regular maintenance. This involves periodic inspections, routine pump-outs, and assessments by a certified septic system professional. Regular maintenance helps identify minor issues before they escalate into significant problems, thus saving costly repairs or replacements down the line.
Keeping records of each inspection and maintenance service can guide future care and provide a clear history of the system’s condition. Additionally, practicing mindful usage, such as conserving water and avoiding flushing non-biodegradable items, can further enhance the efficiency and lifespan of the septic system.
Step 9: Monitor Water Usage
Effective management of water usage is a crucial practice to protect the efficiency and durability of your septic system. Excessive water flow into the system can overwhelm the tank, pushing waste into the drain field before it has been adequately treated. This may cause field saturation and, ultimately, system failure.
To mitigate this risk, consider installing water-saving devices such as low-flow faucets and toilets, fixing leaks promptly, and spreading out laundry loads throughout the week rather than running multiple loads in one day. Additionally, being mindful of daily habits like turning off the tap while brushing your teeth or reducing shower times can significantly affect water usage.
Step 10: Educate Household Members
Educating all household members about practices that can help maintain the septic system is essential for its optimal performance. Share information on what should and should not be flushed down the toilets or cleaned in sinks – such as avoiding chemical drain cleaners, grease, and disposable items like wipes and paper towels. Encourage regular checks for water leaks and promote the conscious use of water. By ensuring everyone understands the importance of these practices, you create a cooperative effort that helps prevent misuse and extends the septic system’s lifespan.
By following these steps and maintaining regular maintenance, you can ensure the efficient and reliable operation of your septic system for years to come.
Conclusion
In conclusion, how to fix a failed septic system requires a comprehensive and detailed approach.
By following the outlined steps, you can effectively address the root causes of the failure and ensure that your septic system operates smoothly in the future. Regular inspections, timely repairs, and adherence to maintenance schedules play pivotal roles in prolonging the system’s lifespan. Additionally, incorporating water conservation practices and educating all household members contribute to long-term efficiency by minimizing unnecessary strain on the system.
Though septic system failures can be challenging, with vigilant care and proactive management, you can preserve their functionality and safeguard your home’s environmental health.